The reference list is similar to a bibliography: It appears at the end of your text and lists all your sources in full. Reference listĪuthor-date citations are always accompanied by a reference list. Unlike note citations, author-date citations look the same for all source types. Chicago author-date exampleThe success literature of the twentieth century is “filled with social image consciousness, techniques, and quick fixes” (Covey 1989, 18). In this style, citations appear in parentheses in the text. In the (social) sciences, you may be told to use author-date style instead. Formats and examples for some common source types are shown below.Īuthor last name, first name. Chicago style bibliography examples (notes and bibliography)īibliography entries vary in format according to source type. However, it is recommended to include one in most cases, with the exception of very short texts with few sources.Ĭheck with your instructor if you’re not sure whether to include one. It is not mandatory to include a bibliography if you have cited your sources with full notes. If there are 11 or more, list the first seven followed by “et al.” If a source has multiple authors, list up to 10 in the bibliography. Each source is listed on a new line, with a hanging indent applied to sources that run over onto multiple lines. It appears at the end of your paper (before any appendices).Īuthor names are inverted in the bibliography, and sources are alphabetized by author last name. The bibliography lists full references for all your sources. If the publication date is unknown, include the date you accessed the information (e.g., accessed on March 12, 2022).Īuthor full name, “ Page Title,” Website Title, Month Day, Year, URL.Īuthor last name, “ Shortened Page Title.”Ĭreating a Chicago style bibliography (notes and bibliography) If the author is unknown, start with the title in a full note, and use the website name as author in a short note. Web pages often have no author or date specified. When there are four or more, use “ et al.” (Latin for “and others”). When a source has multiple authors, list up to three in your note citations. It’s best to check with your instructor if you’re unsure which rule to follow. Guidelines can vary across fields, though sometimes you might be required to use full notes every time, or conversely to use short notes every time, as long as all your sources are listed in the bibliography. The usual rule is to use a full note for the first citation of each source, and a short note for subsequent citations of the same source. Full notes provide complete source information, while short notes include only the author’s last name, the source title, and the page number(s) of the cited passage. short notesĬitations can take the form of full notes or short notes. Most word-processing programs can automatically link your superscript numbers and notes. Choose one or the other and use it consistently. ![]() To cite sources in Chicago notes and bibliography style, place a superscript number at the end of a sentence or clause, after the punctuation mark, corresponding to a numbered footnote or endnote.įootnotes appear at the bottom of each page, while endnotes appear at the end of the text. Frequently asked questions about Chicago style citationĬiting sources with notes (notes and bibliography).Creating a Chicago style bibliography (notes and bibliography).Chicago note citation examples (notes and bibliography).Citing sources with notes (notes and bibliography). ![]() We’ll give you full credit and a link back to your website or social media accounts. If you have diagrams of your own you’d like us to publish contact us here. So going forward this page will only contain diagrams I’ve directly uploaded to this website that I know will never go offline. It’s also caused a fair bit of drama over the years and I don’t really want to deal with that. Also, once a site goes offline I can’t control what happens to those domains and some of these diagram links ended up going to questionable websites which I definitely don’t want. Every so often I’ve gone through and deleted the broken links which just makes this index smaller and smaller. The main issue is over the years since I originally built this list a huge number of the websites have gone offline and many of the links are broken. Originally I wanted to create an easy index for people to find diagrams but ultimately this section has caused more problems than it’s worth. After much thought I’ve decided to retire this diagram database section.
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